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Catch-up growth and metabolic outcomes in adolescents born preterm

Lookup NU author(s): Professor Nicholas EmbletonORCiD, Dr Claire Wood, Professor Mark PearceORCiD, Dr Ravi Swamy, Professor Timothy Cheetham

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Abstract

Background Accelerated infant weight gain in individuals born full term is linked to cardiovascular risk in adulthood, but data in those born preterm are inconsistent.Objective To investigate the association between weight gain in infancy and childhood with later markers of the metabolic syndrome in adolescents who were born preterm.Study design Longitudinal cohort study.Setting Children born preterm with regular assessments of infant growth had auxology, body composition (dual X-ray absorptiometry), blood pressure, insulin sensitivity and lipid profile determined in adolescence.Results We reviewed 153 children (mean gestation 30.8 weeks, median birth weight 1365 g) of whom 102 consented to venepuncture at a median age of 11.5 years. Adolescent height and weight standard deviation scores (SDS) were similar to population averages (0.01 +/- 0.92 and 0.3 +/- 1.2, respectively) and did not differ between infants when grouped according to degree of catch-up in weight gain in the immediate postdischarge period to 12 weeks of age. There were no significant associations between infant weight gain (change in weight SDS adjusted for length) and later metabolic outcome. However, there were strong associations between more rapid childhood weight gain (after 1 year of age) and subsequent body composition (higher fat 'mass %, fat mass index and waist circumference) and metabolic markers (higher fasting insulin, blood pressure and lower insulin sensitivity).Conclusions The association of rapid weight gain on health is time critical in those born preterm; in early infancy, this does not impact on metabolic status in adolescence, in contrast to rapid weight gain in childhood, which should be discouraged. However, given the critical importance of brain growth in the neonatal period and infancy, further research is needed before strategies that discourage infant weight gain


Publication metadata

Author(s): Embleton ND, Korada M, Wood CL, Pearce MS, Swamy R, Cheetham TD

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Archives of Disease in Childhood

Year: 2016

Volume: 101

Issue: 11

Pages: 1026-1031

Print publication date: 01/11/2016

Online publication date: 10/06/2016

Acceptance date: 15/05/2016

ISSN (print): 0003-9888

ISSN (electronic): 1468-2044

Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-310190

DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-310190


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