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Lookup NU author(s): Dr George KourounisORCiD, Professor Colin Wilson
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© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine.Artificial intelligence tools, particularly convolutional neural networks (CNNs), are transforming healthcare by enhancing predictive, diagnostic, and decision-making capabilities. This review provides an accessible and practical explanation of CNNs for clinicians and highlights their relevance in medical image analysis. CNNs have shown themselves to be exceptionally useful in computer vision, a field that enables machines to 'see' and interpret visual data. Understanding how these models work can help clinicians leverage their full potential, especially as artificial intelligence continues to evolve and integrate into healthcare. CNNs have already demonstrated their efficacy in diverse medical fields, including radiology, histopathology, and medical photography. In radiology, CNNs have been used to automate the assessment of conditions such as pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and rectal cancer. In histopathology, CNNs have been used to assess and classify colorectal polyps, gastric epithelial tumours, as well as assist in the assessment of multiple malignancies. In medical photography, CNNs have been used to assess retinal diseases and skin conditions, and to detect gastric and colorectal polyps during endoscopic procedures. In surgical laparoscopy, they may provide intraoperative assistance to surgeons, helping interpret surgical anatomy and demonstrate safe dissection zones. The integration of CNNs into medical image analysis promises to enhance diagnostic accuracy, streamline workflow efficiency, and expand access to expert-level image analysis, contributing to the ultimate goal of delivering further improvements in patient and healthcare outcomes.
Author(s): Kourounis G, Elmahmudi AA, Thomson B, Hunter J, Ugail H, Wilson C
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Postgraduate Medical Journal
Year: 2023
Volume: 99
Issue: 1178
Pages: 1287-1294
Online publication date: 04/10/2023
Acceptance date: 13/09/2023
ISSN (print): 0032-5473
ISSN (electronic): 1469-0756
Publisher: Oxford University Press
URL: https://doi.org/10.1093/postmj/qgad095
DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgad095
PubMed id: 37794609
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