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Lookup NU author(s): Professor Adam Harvey, Dr Jonathan LeeORCiD, Farizul Kasim, Elizabeth Eterigho
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Biodiesel (FAME) was produced from Pongamia seeds (commonly known as Karanja) by reactive-extraction. Reactive-extraction involves contacting ground seeds directly with alcohol and catalyst i.e. without intervening extraction of the vegetable oil. This process has the potential to reduce cost by removing the need for capital and running cost-intensive steps such as oil extraction of seeds. Reaction parameters such as seed size (>2 mm to <1 mm), seed/solvent ratio (wt/wt) (1:2-1:4), temperature (30-60 degrees C) and rate of mixing (250-550 rpm) were studied. The maximum 98.5% conversion to biodiesel was achieved at: seed size (<1 mm), seed/solvent ratio (wt/wt) (1:4), rate of mixing (550 rpm) at 60 degrees C for 1 hr with 0.1 M catalyst (KOH) concentration, meeting International (ASTM) as well as National (BIS) specifications
Author(s): Porwal J, Bangwal D, Garg MO, Kaul S, Harvey AP, Lee JGM, Kasim FH, Eterigho EJ
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research
Year: 2012
Volume: 71
Issue: 12
Pages: 822-828
Print publication date: 01/12/2012
ISSN (print): 0022-4456
ISSN (electronic): 0975-1084
Publisher: National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources
URL: http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/15132
