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Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation vs Intravenous Pulse Cyclophosphamide in Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis A Randomized Clinical Trial

Lookup NU author(s): Professor Jaap van Laar, Dr Bridget Griffiths

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Abstract

IMPORTANCE High-dose immunosuppressive therapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) have shown efficacy in systemic sclerosis in phase 1 and small phase 2 trials.OBJECTIVE To compare efficacy and safety of HSCT vs 12 successive monthly intravenous pulses of cyclophosphamide.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation International Scleroderma (ASTIS) trial, a phase 3, multicenter, randomized (1:1), open-label, parallel-group, clinical trial conducted in 10 countries at 29 centers with access to a European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation-registered transplant facility. From March 2001 to October 2009, 156 patients with early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis were recruited and followed up until October 31, 2013.INTERVENTIONS HSCT vs intravenous pulse cyclophosphamide.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary end point was event-free survival, defined as time from randomization until the occurrence of death or persistent major organ failure.RESULTS A total of 156 patients were randomly assigned to receive HSCT (n = 79) or cyclophosphamide (n = 77). During a median follow-up of 5.8 years, 53 events occurred: 22 in the HSCT group (19 deaths and 3 irreversible organ failures) and 31 in the control group (23 deaths and 8 irreversible organ failures). During the first year, there were more events in the HSCT group (13 events [16.5%], including 8 treatment-related deaths) than in the control group (8 events [10.4%], with no treatment-related deaths). At 2 years, 14 events (17.7%) had occurred cumulatively in the HSCT group vs 14 events (18.2%) in the control group; at 4 years, 15 events (19%) had occurred cumulatively in the HSCT group vs 20 events (26%) in the control group. Time-varying hazard ratios (modeled with treatment x time interaction) for event-free survival were 0.35 (95% CI, 0.16-0.74) at 2 years and 0.34 (95% CI, 0.16-0.74) at 4 years.CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients with early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis, HSCT was associated with increased treatment-related mortality in the first year after treatment. However, HCST conferred a significant long-term event-free survival benefit.

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Author(s): van Laar JM, Farge D, Sont JK, Naraghi K, Marjanovic Z, Larghero J, Schuerwegh AJ, Marijt EWA, Vonk MC, Schattenberg AV, Matucci-Cerinic M, Voskuyl AE, van de Loosdrecht AA, Daikeler T, Kotter I, Schmalzing M, Martin T, Lioure B, Weiner SM, Kreuter A, Deligny C, Durand JM, Emery P, Machold KR, Sarrot-Reynauld F, Warnatz K, Adoue DFP, Constans J, Tony HP, Del Papa N, Fassas A, Himsel A, Launay D, Lo Monaco A, Philippe P, Quere I, Rich E, Westhovens R, Griffiths B, Saccardi R, van den Hoogen FH, Fibbe WE, Socie G, Gratwohl A, Tyndall A, EBMT EULAR Scleroderma Study Grp

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: JAMA

Year: 2014

Volume: 311

Issue: 24

Pages: 2490-2498

Online publication date: 25/06/2014

ISSN (print): 0098-7484

ISSN (electronic): 1538-3598

Publisher: American Medical Association

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.6368

DOI: 10.1001/jama.2014.6368

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