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Lookup NU author(s): Dr Valentine Eze, Professor Adam Harvey, Professor Anh Phan
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The research focused mainly on kinetics of the side reactions occurring during homogeneous basecatalysed transesterification processes, which were not studied previously. The rates of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) saponification with sodium and potassium hydroxides were investigated in methanol and ethanol (commonly used in biodiesel production) at temperatures of 40, 50 and 60 degrees C. The effect of water on the rate of FAME saponification in the alcoholic hydroxide solutions was also studied (at 60 degrees C). The apparent rate constants of FAME saponification were strongly influenced by the types of alcohol, but little affected by variation of the metal hydroxides. The apparent rate constants for FAME saponification using the ethanol hydroxides were 5-7 times higher than for methanol hydroxides. This was due to the lower acidity of ethanol, leading to a higher concentration of hydroxide ions in the ethanol-hydroxide solutions. The rate constant of the FAME saponification increased with temperature. For example, it was 1.31 L mol (1) min (1) at 40 degrees C, but 3.08 and 5.63 L mol (1) min (1) at 50 and 60 degrees C in the methanol-NaOH solution. Arrhenius activation energies for the FAME saponification in the alcoholic hydroxides were in the range of 60.3-64.0 kJ mol (1). It was found that the FAME saponification rate in ethanol-hydroxides was 3.5 times higher than that in methanol-hydroxides in the presence of water. This indicates that use of methanol should be preferred over ethanol in alkali-catalysed transesterification, as the amount of soap produced by saponification of triglycerides and alkyl esters will be lower. Crown Copyright (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Author(s): Eze VC, Harvey AP, Phan AN
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Fuel
Year: 2015
Volume: 140
Pages: 724-730
Print publication date: 15/01/2015
Online publication date: 18/10/2014
Acceptance date: 01/10/2014
ISSN (print): 0016-2361
ISSN (electronic): 1873-7153
Publisher: Elsevier
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.10.001
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.10.001
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