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The UK-PBC Risk Scores: Derivation and Validation of a Scoring System for Long-Term Prediction of End-Stage Liver Disease in Primary Biliary Cholangitis

Lookup NU author(s): Professor Heather Cordell, Professor David Jones

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Abstract

The biochemical response to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)-so-called "treatment response"-strongly predicts long-term outcome in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Several long-term prognostic models based solely on the treatment response have been developed that are widely used to risk stratify PBC patients and guide their management. However, they do not take other prognostic variables into account, such as the stage of the liver disease. We sought to improve existing long-term prognostic models of PBC using data from the UK-PBC Research Cohort. We performed Cox's proportional hazards regression analysis of diverse explanatory variables in a derivation cohort of 1,916 UDCA-treated participants. We used nonautomatic backward selection to derive the best-fitting Cox model, from which we derived a multivariable fractional polynomial model. We combined linear predictors and baseline survivor functions in equations to score the risk of a liver transplant or liver-related death occurring within 5, 10, or 15 years. We validated these risk scores in an independent cohort of 1,249 UDCA-treated participants. The best-fitting model consisted of the baseline albumin and platelet count, as well as the bilirubin, transaminases, and alkaline phosphatase, after 12 months of UDCA. In the validation cohort, the 5-, 10-, and 15-year risk scores were highly accurate (areas under the curve: >0.90). Conclusions: The prognosis of PBC patients can be accurately evaluated using the UK-PBC risk scores. They may be used to identify high-risk patients for closer monitoring and second-line therapies, as well as low-risk patients who could potentially be followed up in primary care.


Publication metadata

Author(s): Carbone M, Sharp SJ, Flack S, Paximadas D, Spiess K, Adgey C, Griffiths L, Lim R, Trembling P, Williamson K, Wareham NJ, Aldersley M, Bathgate A, Burroughs AK, Heneghan MA, Neuberger JM, Thorburn D, Hirschfield GM, Cordell HJ, Alexander GJ, Jones DEJ, Sandford RN, Mells GF, UK-PBC Consortium

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Hepatology

Year: 2016

Volume: 63

Issue: 3

Pages: 930-950

Print publication date: 01/03/2016

Online publication date: 29/07/2015

Acceptance date: 26/07/2015

ISSN (print): 0270-9139

ISSN (electronic): 1527-3350

Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.28017

DOI: 10.1002/hep.28017


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Funding

Funder referenceFunder name
Isaac Newton Trust, University of Cambridge
Sackler Trust at the University of Cambridge
Addenbrooke's Charitable Trust (ACT), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
PBC Foundation
085925Intercept Pharmaceuticals, the Wellcome Trust
MR/L001489/1MRC stratified medicine award (UK-PBC)
MR/L001489/1Medical Research Council (MRC)

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