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Lookup NU author(s): Professor Matthew CollinORCiD, Dr Paul Milne
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Copyright © 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. Purpose of review This article summarizes recent research on the ontogeny of Langerhans cells and regulation of their homeostasis in quiescent and inflamed conditions. Recent findings Langerhans cells originate prenatally and may endure throughout life, independently of bone marrowderived precursors. Fate-mapping experiments have recently resolved the relative contribution of primitive yolk sac and fetal liver hematopoiesis to the initial formation of Langerhans cells. In postnatal life, local self-renewal restores Langerhans cell numbers following chronic or low-grade inflammatory insults. However, severe inflammation recruits de-novo bone marrow-derived precursors in two waves; a transient population of classical monocytes followed by uncharacterized myeloid precursors that form a stable self-renewing Langerhans cell network as inflammation subsides. Human CD1c+ dendritic cells have Langerhans cell potential in vitro, raising the possibility that dendritic cell progenitors provide the second wave. Langerhans cell development depends upon transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling with distinct pathways active during differentiation and homeostasis. Langerhans cell survival is mediated by multiple pathways including mechanistic target of rapamycin and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling, mechanisms that become highly relevant in Langerhans cell neoplasia. Summary The study of Langerhans cells continues to provide novel and unexpected insights into the origin and regulation of myeloid cell populations. The melding of macrophage and dendritic cell biology, shaped by a unique habitat, is a special feature of Langerhans cells.
Author(s): Collin M, Milne P
Publication type: Review
Publication status: Published
Journal: Current Opinion in Hematology
Year: 2016
Volume: 23
Issue: 1
Pages: 28-35
Online publication date: 01/01/2016
Acceptance date: 01/01/1900
ISSN (print): 1065-6251
ISSN (electronic): 1531-7048
Publisher: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
URL: http://doi.org/10.1097/MOH.0000000000000202
DOI: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000202
