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Polarity Index of Psychological Interventions in Maintenance Treatment of Bipolar Disorder

Lookup NU author(s): Emeritus Professor Jan Scott

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Abstract

Background: Although several adjunctive psychological interventions are effective in the maintenance of bipolar disorders (BD), no attempt has been made to classify them according to their ability to prevent manic versus depressive episodes. Our study aims to rank the adjunctive psychotherapies for the prophylaxis of BD by means of their polarity index (PI). Methods: Randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of a psychological intervention with a comparator in BD maintenance treatment in patients aged over 18 were systematically reviewed. Exclusion criteria were a small sample size, a study sample not exclusively composed of bipolar patients and the absence of a control group. PI is a novel metric indicating the relative antimanic versus antidepressive preventive efficacy of treatments. PI was retrieved by calculating the ratio of the number needed to treat (NNT) for prevention of depression and the NNT for prevention of mania. PI>1.0 indicates a relatively higher antimanic prophylactic efficacy and PI<1.0 a greater antidepressive efficacy. Results: A total of 9 studies were included. PI was 0.33, 0.63 and 0.89 for cognitive-behavioral therapy, 0.42 for family-focused therapy, 0.73 and 0.78 for psychoeducation, 1 for enhanced relapse prevention, 1.78 for caregiver group psychoeducation and 3.36 for brief technique-driven interventions. With regard to the PI for 1 cognitive-behavioral study, enhanced relapse prevention and brief technique-driven interventions may not be reliable since those trials were negative. Conclusions: The PI provides a measure of how much depression-preventive or (hypo) mania-preventive an intervention is and may guide the choice of adjunctive psychotherapy in the context of individualized long-term treatment of BD. Copyright (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel


Publication metadata

Author(s): Popovic D, Reinares M, Scott J, Nivoli A, Murru A, Pacchiarotti I, Vieta E, Colom F

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics

Year: 2013

Volume: 82

Issue: 5

Pages: 292-298

Print publication date: 01/01/2013

ISSN (print): 0033-3190

ISSN (electronic): 1423-0348

Publisher: S. Karger AG

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000348447

DOI: 10.1159/000348447


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Funding

Funder referenceFunder name
Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional
Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBERSAM
Union Europea
2009 1148 SGR 1022Generalitat de Catalunya to the Bipolar Disorders Group
CM11/00163Rio-Hortega grant
CP08/00140'Miguel Servet' postdoctoral contract
PS09/01044Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity - Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdireccion General de Evaluacion y Fomento de la Investigacion

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