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Lookup NU author(s): Dr Mario Siervo, Professor John Mathers
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Diets including food products rich in inorganic nitrate are associated with lower blood pressure (BP). The evidence for the BP-lowering effects of inorganic nitrate and beetroot in randomized clinical trials has not been systematically assessed. The objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials that examined the effects of inorganic nitrate and beetroot supplementation on BP. Medline, EMBASE, and Scopus databases were searched from inception to February 2013. The specific inclusion criteria were: 1) randomized clinical trials; 2) trials reporting effects on systolic or diastolic BP or both; and 3) trials comparing inorganic nitrate or beetroot juice supplementation with placebo control groups. Random-effects models were used to assess the pooled BP effect sizes. Sixteen trials met the eligibility criteria for the systematic review. All studies had a crossover study design. The trials were conducted between 2006 and 2012 and included a total of 254 participants with 7-30 participants/study. The duration of each intervention ranged from 2 h to 15 d. Inorganic nitrate and beetroot juice consumption were associated with greater changes in systolic BP [-4.4 mm Hg (95% CI: 5.9, 2.8); P < 0.001] than diastolic BP [-1.1 mm Hg (95% CI: -2.2, 0.1); P = 0.06]. The meta-regression showed an association between daily dose of inorganic nitrate and changes in systolic BP (P < 0.05). Inorganic nitrate and beetroot juice supplementation was associated with a significant reduction in systolic BP. These findings need to be tested in long-term trials and in individuals at greater cardiovascular risk.
Author(s): Siervo M, Lara J, Ogbonmwan I, Mathers JC
Publication type: Review
Publication status: Published
Journal: Journal of Nutrition
Year: 2013
Volume: 143
Issue: 6
Pages: 818-826
Print publication date: 01/06/2013
Online publication date: 17/04/2013
Acceptance date: 28/02/2013
ISSN (print): 0022-3166
ISSN (electronic): 1541-6100
Publisher: AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.112.170233
DOI: 10.3945/jn.112.170233
