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We aimed to validate genetic variants as instruments for insulin resistance and secretion, to characterize their association with intermediate phenotypes, and to investigate their role in type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk among normal-weight, overweight, and obese individuals. We investigated the association of genetic scores with euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp- and oral glucose tolerance test-based measures of insulin resistance and secretion and a range of metabolic measures in up to 18,565 individuals. We also studied their association with T2D risk among normal-weight, overweight, and obese individuals in up to 8,124 incident T2D cases. The insulin resistance score was associated with lower insulin sensitivity measured by M/I value (beta in SDs per allele [95% CI], -0.03 [-0.04, -0.01]; P = 0.004). This score was associated with lower BMI (-0.01 [-0.01, -0.0]; P = 0.02) and gluteofemoral fat mass (-0.03 [-0.05,-0.02; P = 1.4x10(-6) and with higher alanine transaminase (0.02 [0.01, 0.03]; P = 0.002) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (0.02 [0.01, 0.03]; P = 0.001). While the secretion score had a stronger association with T2D in leaner individuals (P-interaction = 0.001), we saw no difference in the association of the insulin resistance score with T2D among BMI or waist strata (P-interaction > 0.31). While insulin resistance is often considered secondary to obesity, the association of the insulin resistance score with lower BMI and adiposity and with incident T2D even among individuals of normal weight highlights the role of insulin resistance and ectopic fat distribution in T2D, independently of body size.
Author(s): Scott RA, Fall T, Pasko D, Barker A, Sharp SJ, Arriola L, Balkau B, Barricarte A, Barroso I, Boeing H, Clavel-Chapelon F, Crowe FL, Dekker JM, Fagherazzi G, Ferrannini E, Forouhi NG, Franks PW, Gavrila D, Giedraitis V, Grioni S, Groop LC, Kaaks R, Key TJ, Kuhn T, Lotta LA, Nilsson PM, Overvad K, Palli D, Panico S, Quiros JR, Rolandsson O, Roswall N, Sacerdote C, Sala N, Sanchez MJ, Schulze MB, Siddiq A, Slimani N, Sluijs I, Spijkerman AMW, Tjonneland A, Tumino R, van der A DL, Yaghootkar H, McCarthy MI, Semple RK, Riboli E, Walker M, Ingelsson E, Frayling TM, Savage DB, Langenberg C, Wareham NJ, RISC Study Grp, EPIC-InterAct Consortium
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Diabetes
Year: 2014
Volume: 63
Issue: 12
Pages: 4378-4387
Print publication date: 01/12/2014
Online publication date: 19/06/2014
Acceptance date: 09/06/2014
ISSN (print): 0012-1797
ISSN (electronic): 1939-327X
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db14-0319
DOI: 10.2337/db14-0319
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