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The extended clinical phenotype of 64 patients with dedicator of cytokinesis 8 deficiency

Lookup NU author(s): Dr Karin Engelhardt, Professor Andrew GenneryORCiD, Professor Andrew Cant

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Abstract

Background: Mutations in dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) cause a combined immunodeficiency (CID) also classified as autosomal recessive (AR) hyper-IgE syndrome (HIES). Recognizing patients with CID/HIES is of clinical importance because of the difference in prognosis and management.Objectives: We sought to define the clinical features that distinguish DOCK8 deficiency from other forms of HIES and CIDs, study the mutational spectrum of DOCK8 deficiency, and report on the frequency of specific clinical findings.Methods: Eighty-two patients from 60 families with CID and the phenotype of AR-HIES with (64 patients) and without (18 patients) DOCK8 mutations were studied. Support vector machines were used to compare clinical data from 35 patients with DOCK8 deficiency with those from 10 patients with AR-HIES without a DOCK8 mutation and 64 patients with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) mutations.Results: DOCK8-deficient patients had median IgE levels of 5201 IU, high eosinophil levels of usually at least 800/mu L (92% of patients), and low IgM levels (62%). About 20% of patients were lymphopenic, mainly because of low CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell counts. Fewer than half of the patients tested produced normal specific antibody responses to recall antigens. Bacterial (84%), viral (78%), and fungal (70%) infections were frequently observed. Skin abscesses (60%) and allergies (73%) were common clinical problems. In contrast to STAT3 deficiency, there were few pneumatoceles, bone fractures, and teething problems. Mortality was high (34%). A combination of 5 clinical features was helpful in distinguishing patients with DOCK8 mutations from those with STAT3 mutations.Conclusions: DOCK8 deficiency is likely in patients with severe viral infections, allergies, and/or low IgM levels who have a diagnosis of HIES plus hypereosinophilia and upper respiratory tract infections in the absence of parenchymal lung abnormalities, retained primary teeth, and minimal trauma fractures.


Publication metadata

Author(s): Engelhardt KR, Gertz ME, Keles S, Schaffer AA, Sigmund EC, Glocker C, Saghafi S, Pourpak Z, Ceja R, Sassi A, Graham LE, Massaad MJ, Mellouli F, Ben-Mustapha I, Khemiri M, Kilic SS, Etzioni A, Freeman AF, Thiel J, Schulze I, Al-Herz W, Metin A, Sanal O, Tezcan I, Yeganeh M, Niehues T, Dueckers G, Weinspach S, Patiroglu T, Unal E, Dasouki M, Yilmaz M, Genel F, Aytekin C, Kutukculer N, Somer A, Kilic M, Reisli I, Camcioglu Y, Gennery AR, Cant AJ, Jones A, Gaspar BH, Arkwright PD, Pietrogrande MC, Baz Z, Al-Tamemi S, Lougaris V, Lefranc G, Megarbane A, Boutros J, Galal N, Bejaoui M, Barbouche MR, Geha RS, Chatila TA, Grimbacher B

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Year: 2015

Volume: 136

Issue: 2

Pages: 402-412

Print publication date: 01/08/2015

Online publication date: 25/02/2015

Acceptance date: 01/12/2014

ISSN (print): 0091-6749

ISSN (electronic): 1097-6825

Publisher: Mosby, Inc.

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1945

DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1945


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Funding

Funder referenceFunder name
Intramural Research program of the National Institutes of Health
NIAID
NLM
1059B191300622Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Tubitak)
1R21AI087627National Institutes of Health
5R01AI065617National Institutes of Health
BMBF 01EO1303German Federal Ministry of Education and Research
Health-F5-2008-223292European Community
MEXT-CT-2006-042316-PIAIDMarie Curie Excellence Grant

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