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Multi-armed bandit models for the optimal design of clinical trials: Benefits and challenges

Lookup NU author(s): Professor James WasonORCiD

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Abstract

© Institute of Mathematical Statistics, 2015. Multi-armed bandit problems (MABPs) are a special type of optimal control problem well suited to model resource allocation under uncertainty in a wide variety of contexts. Since the first publication of the optimal solution of the classic MABP by a dynamic index rule, the bandit literature quickly diversified and emerged as an active research topic. Across this literature, the use of bandit models to optimally design clinical trials became a typical motivating application, yet little of the resulting theory has ever been used in the actual design and analysis of clinical trials. To this end, we review two MABP decision-theoretic approaches to the optimal allocation of treatments in a clinical trial: the infinite-horizon Bayesian Bernoulli MABP and the finite-horizon variant. These models possess distinct theoretical properties and lead to separate allocation rules in a clinical trial design context. We evaluate their performance compared to other allocation rules, including fixed randomization. Our results indicate that bandit approaches offer significant advantages, in terms of assigning more patients to better treatments, and severe limitations, in terms of their resulting statistical power. We propose a novel bandit-based patient allocation rule that overcomes the issue of low power, thus removing a potential barrier for their use in practice.


Publication metadata

Author(s): Villar SS, Bowden J, Wason J

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Statistical Science

Year: 2015

Volume: 30

Issue: 2

Pages: 199-215

Print publication date: 01/05/2015

Acceptance date: 01/01/1900

ISSN (print): 0883-4237

ISSN (electronic): 2168-8745

Publisher: Institute of Mathematical Statistics

URL: https://doi.org/10.1214/14-STS504

DOI: 10.1214/14-STS504


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