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Effects of dietary patterns and low protein intake on sarcopenia risk in the very old: the Newcastle 85+ Study

Lookup NU author(s): Dr Antoneta Granic, Dr Nuno MendoncaORCiD, Professor Avan SayerORCiD, Professor Thomas Hill, Dr Karen Davies, Dr Mario Siervo, Professor John Mathers, Emerita Professor Carol Jagger

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).


Abstract

Background: Sarcopenia, a progressive age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, leads to disability, falls, and hospitalisation. Individual variation in sarcopenia onset may be partly explained by lifestyle factors such as physical activity and diet. Healthy dietary patterns (DPs) have been linked to better physical functioning in older adults, but their role in sarcopenia in the very old (aged ≥85) is unknown. Aims: To investigate the association between DPs and the risk of sarcopenia over 3 years, and to determine whether protein intake influences this relationship in community-dwelling older adults from the Newcastle 85+ Study. Methods: The analytic sample consisted of 757 participants (61.2% women) who had dietary assessment at baseline. After two-step clustering with 30 food groups to derive DPs, we used logistic regression to determine the risk of prevalent and incident sarcopenia across DPs in all participants, and in those with low (<1g/kg adjusted body weight/day [g/kg aBW/d]) and good protein intake (≥1g/kg aBW/d). Results: We identified three DPs (DP1: ‘Low Red Meat’, DP2: ‘Traditional British’ and DP3: ’Low Butter’) that varied by unsaturated fat spreads/oils, butter, red meat, gravy and potato consumption. Compared with participants in DP3, those in DP2 had an increased risk of prevalent (OR=2.42, 95% CI: 1.15-5.09, p=0.02) but not 3-year incident sarcopenia (OR=1.67, 0.59-4.67, p=0.33) adjusted for socio-demographic, anthropometry, health and lifestyle factors. Furthermore, DP2 was associated with an increased risk of prevalent sarcopenia at baseline (OR=2.14, 1.01-4.53, p=0.05) and 3-year follow-up (OR=5.45, 1.81-16.39, p=0.003) after adjustment for key covariates in participants with good protein intake. Conclusion: A DP high in foods characteristic of a traditional British diet (butter, red meat, gravy and potato) was associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia even when overall protein intake was good. The results need to be replicated in other cohorts of the very old to understand the role of DPs in sarcopenia onset and management.


Publication metadata

Author(s): Granic A, Mendonça N, Sayer AA, Hill TR, Davies K, Siervo M, Mathers JC, Jagger C

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Clinical Nutrition

Year: 2020

Volume: 39

Issue: 1

Pages: 166-173

Print publication date: 01/01/2020

Online publication date: 21/01/2019

Acceptance date: 10/01/2019

Date deposited: 14/01/2019

ISSN (print): 0261-5614

ISSN (electronic): 1532-1983

Publisher: Elsevier BV

URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2019.01.009

DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.01.009

PubMed id: 30709690


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Funding

Funder referenceFunder name
678732
G0500997
G0601333Medical Research Council (MRC)
R124/0509Dunhill Medical Trust

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