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From Data to Causes II: Comparing Approaches to Panel Data Analysis

Lookup NU author(s): Dr Dean PieridesORCiD

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Abstract

This article compares a general cross-lagged model (GCLM) to other panel data methods based on their coherence with a causal logic and pragmatic concerns regarding modeled dynamics and hypothesis testing. We examine three “static” models that do not incorporate temporal dynamics: random- and fixed-effects models that estimate contemporaneous relationships; and latent curve models. We then describe “dynamic” models that incorporate temporal dynamics in the form of lagged effects: cross-lagged models estimated in a structural equation model (SEM) or multilevel model (MLM) framework; Arellano-Bond dynamic panel data methods; and autoregressive latent trajectory models. We describe the implications of overlooking temporal dynamics in static models and show how even popular cross-lagged models fail to control for stable factors over time. We also show that Arellano-Bond and autoregressive latent trajectory models have various shortcomings. By contrasting these approaches, we clarify the benefits and drawbacks of common methods for modeling panel data, including the GCLM approach we propose. We conclude with a discussion of issues regarding causal inference, including difficulties in separating different types of time-invariant and time-varying effects over time.


Publication metadata

Author(s): Zyphur MJ, Voelkle M, Tay L, Allison P, Preacher K, Zhang Z, Hamaker E, Shamsollahi A, Pierides D, Koval P, Diener E

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Organizational Research Methods

Year: 2020

Volume: 23

Issue: 4

Pages: 688-716

Print publication date: 01/10/2020

Online publication date: 24/05/2019

Acceptance date: 24/05/2019

ISSN (print): 1094-4281

ISSN (electronic): 1552-7425

Publisher: Sage

URL: https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428119847280

DOI: 10.1177/1094428119847280


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