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Lookup NU author(s): Dr Michael Mather, Dr Laura JardineORCiD, Dr Ben Talks, Dr Louis Gardner, Professor Muzlifah Haniffa
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© 2021The global COVID-19 pandemic has caused substantial morbidity and mortality to humanity. Remarkable progress has been made in understanding both the innate and adaptive mechanisms involved in the host response to the causative SARS-CoV-2 virus, but much remains to be discovered. Robust upper airway defenses are critical in restricting SARS-CoV-2 replication and propagation. Further, the nasal abundance of viral uptake receptor, ACE2, and the host epithelial transcriptional landscape, are associated with differential disease outcomes across different patient cohorts. The adaptive host response to systemic COVID-19 is heterogeneous and complex. Blunted responses to interferon and robust cytokine generation are hallmarks of the disease, particularly at the advanced stages. Excessive immune cell influx into tissues can lead to substantial collateral damage to the host akin to sepsis. This review offers a contemporary summary of these mechanisms of disease and highlights potential avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic development. These include improved disease stratification, targeting effectors of immune-mediated tissue damage, and blunting of immune cell-mediated tissue damage.
Author(s): Mather MW, Jardine L, Talks B, Gardner L, Haniffa M
Publication type: Review
Publication status: Published
Journal: Seminars in Immunology
Year: 2021
Volume: 55
Print publication date: 01/06/2021
Online publication date: 27/11/2021
Acceptance date: 24/11/2021
ISSN (print): 1044-5323
ISSN (electronic): 1096-3618
Publisher: Academic Press
URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2021.101545
DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101545
