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Lookup NU author(s): Dr Daniel DuncanORCiD
This is the authors' accepted manuscript of an article that has been published in its final definitive form by Duke University Press , 2024.
For re-use rights please refer to the publisher's terms and conditions.
Some English verbs use distinct forms for the preterite (e.g. I broke the door) and the past participle (e.g. I’ve broken the door). These verbs may variably show use of the preterite form in place of the participle (e.g. I’ve broke the door), which we call PARTICIPLE LEVELING. We contribute the first detailed variationist study of participle leveling by investigating the phenomenon in perfect constructions using data collected from three corpora of conversational speech, two of American English and one of British English. We find a striking degree of similarity between the three corpora in both the linguistic and the extralinguistic constraints on variation. Constraints on participle leveling include tense of the perfect construction, verb frequency, and phonological similarity between preterite and participle forms. The variable is stable in real time and socially stratified. We relate the findings to theoretical linguistic treatments of the variation, and to questions of its origin and spread in Englishes transatlantically.
Author(s): Chatten A, Baxter K, Mas E, Pena J, Tabachnick G, Duncan D, MacKenzie L
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: American Speech
Year: 2024
Volume: 99
Issue: 1
Pages: 3-46
Print publication date: 01/02/2024
Online publication date: 30/06/2022
Acceptance date: 23/03/2022
Date deposited: 11/04/2022
ISSN (print): 0003-1283
ISSN (electronic): 1527-2133
Publisher: Duke University Press
URL: https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-9940654
DOI: 10.1215/00031283-9940654
ePrints DOI: 10.57711/cngw-v706
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