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Lookup NU author(s): Professor Alexandra Hughes, Dr Suzanne HocknellORCiD
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
Alternative food networks (AFNs) have been viewed as being more deeply embedded in the fabric of places and the social relations of their food systems than conventional food networks, and have been regarded as ‘spaces of hope’ for addressing sustainability challenges associated with global food systems. This paper argues that embeddedness, however, is contingent and shifting rather than an intrinsic quality, and is shaped by the cultures of production, trade, and consumption in particular places. This paper evaluates challenges that emerging AFNs in Guangzhou, China, are confronting relating to their embeddedness in place. The paper is underpinned by research involving interviews and focus groups with key food system actors and stakeholders in Guangzhou, including government officials, organic farmers, retailers, and non-governmental organizations. It demonstrates that AFNs in Guangzhou achieve only ‘fragmentary embeddedness’ in local cultures and systems of production, retail, and consumption. Despite strong social relationships established by a few successful farms and their loyal consumer groups, AFNs more broadly have struggled to embed themselves in the social and cultural fabric of the city and its commercial foodscapes. In terms of territorial embeddedness, the association of AFNs with western values, which do not always translate into Guangzhou’s production and retail systems, can limit their embeddedness and scaling up in this context. The split between ‘new’ farmers (i.e., educated and urban-rooted producers ‘returning to the land’) and common farmers (i.e., local peasants) further exacerbates the difficulty of integrating AFNs in rural communities. Regarding social embeddedness, AFNs struggle to meet local consumer preferences regarding food appearances, quality, and taste, and therefore consumer trust in them is limited. In terms of institutional embeddedness, AFNs lack government policy support, despite the alignment of their missions with national strategies. More efforts are needed to deepen the embeddedness of AFNs in Guangzhou’s food system and cultures if they are to respond effectively to China’s food crisis and wider sustainability issues.
Author(s): Zhong S, Hughes A, Crang M, Zeng G, Hocknell S
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Journal of Rural Studies
Year: 2022
Volume: 95
Pages: 382-390
Print publication date: 01/10/2022
Online publication date: 01/10/2022
Acceptance date: 10/09/2022
Date deposited: 12/09/2022
ISSN (print): 0743-0167
ISSN (electronic): 1873-1392
Publisher: Elsevier
URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.09.008
DOI: 10.1016/j.jrurstud.2022.09.008
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