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Lookup NU author(s): Fiona Malcomson, Chris Wiggins, Professor Linda Sharp, Professor John Mathers
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
© 2023 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Cancer Society. Background: The World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Cancer Prevention Recommendations are lifestyle-based guidelines that aim to reduce cancer risk. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating associations between a score for adherence to the 2018 Cancer Prevention Recommendations and cancer risk was conducted. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for studies published to November 28, 2022. In meta-analysis, the estimated risk ratios and 95% CIs for adherence score as a continuous (per 1-point increment) and categorical (highest vs. lowest score category) variable using random-effects models were estimated. Results: Eighteen studies (11 cohort; seven case-control) were included investigating incidence of breast (n = 7), colorectal (n = 5), prostate (n = 2), lung (n = 2), pancreatic (n = 1), endometrial (n = 1), unknown primary cancer (n = 1), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (n = 1), and overall (any) cancer (n = 1). The summary risk ratio per 1-point increment in adherence score was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.85–0.93; I2 = 76.5%; n = 7) for breast cancer, 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84–0.91; I2 = 26.2%; n = 4) for colorectal cancer, and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.86–0.98, I2 = 66.0%; n = 2) for lung cancer. There were no significant associations with prostate or other cancers. Meta-analysis results using categorical adherence score variables were consistent with these findings. Conclusions: Greater adherence to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research Cancer Prevention Recommendations was associated with lower risk of breast, colorectal, and lung cancers. Future studies investigating associations with risk of other forms of cancer are warranted. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022313327.
Author(s): Malcomson FC, Wiggins C, Parra-Soto S, Ho FK, Celis-Morales C, Sharp L, Mathers JC
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Cancer
Year: 2023
Volume: 129
Issue: 17
Pages: 2655-2670
Print publication date: 01/09/2023
Online publication date: 13/06/2023
Acceptance date: 06/04/2023
Date deposited: 11/07/2023
ISSN (print): 0008-543X
ISSN (electronic): 1097-0142
Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.34842
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34842
PubMed id: 37309215
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