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Lookup NU author(s): Dr Chun Yang Yin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).
© 2023 by the authors.In the present study, the ability for novel carbon microspheres (CMs) derived from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) biomass using a hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process and activated using phosphoric acid to remove methylene blue dye was investigated. Three types of palm-based wastes (seeds, leaflet, and inedible crystallized date palm molasses) were used and converted to CMs via the HTC process. The prepared samples were then activated using phosphoric acid via the incipient wetness impregnation method. The CMs samples before and after activation were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis and scanning (CHNS), and the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) methods. The samples exhibited high BET surface areas after activation (1584 m2/g). The methylene blue adsorption results showed good fitting to the Langmuir, Fruendlich, and Temkin isotherm models for all activated samples. The maximum adsorption capacity achieved was 409.84 mg/g for activated CM obtained from the palm date molasses, indicating its high potential for application as a dye-based adsorption material.
Author(s): Alhawtali S, El-Harbawi M, Al-Awadi AS, El Blidi L, Alrashed MM, Yin C-Y
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Coatings
Year: 2023
Volume: 13
Issue: 7
Print publication date: 01/07/2023
Online publication date: 22/07/2023
Acceptance date: 20/07/2023
Date deposited: 12/09/2023
ISSN (electronic): 2079-6412
Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13071287
DOI: 10.3390/coatings13071287
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