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Meta-analysis guided development of a standard artificial urine

Lookup NU author(s): Kimberley Noble, Dr Oisín KavanaghORCiD

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

Abstract

© 2024 The AuthorsIn this study, we present the first meta-analysis of human urine reported in the literature, drawing data from a total of 35 articles with a combined participant count of 14,021. Through this analysis, we have developed an artificial urine (AU) composition that can be adjusted within typical physiological parameters for in vitro applications. Our findings demonstrate the utility of this AU in determining the solubility of nitrofurantoin, particularly in the context of crystalluria. Notably, we observe that in saline, nitrofurantoin solubility, within the framework of its urinary pharmacokinetics, suggests a risk of crystalluria. However, in AU, this risk is mitigated due to complexation with urea. More broadly, we anticipate that our developed formulation will serve as a foundation for translational studies across biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences.

Publication metadata

Author(s): Noble KA, Chan HKY, Kavanagh ON

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics

Year: 2024

Volume: 198

Print publication date: 01/05/2024

Online publication date: 16/03/2024

Acceptance date: 13/03/2024

Date deposited: 03/04/2024

ISSN (print): 0939-6411

ISSN (electronic): 1873-3441

Publisher: Elsevier B.V.

URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114264

DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114264

PubMed id: 38492868

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