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Lookup NU author(s): Professor Janet Quinn, Emeritus Professor Steve Yeaman
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Efficient catalysis in the second step of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (El) component reaction requires a lipoyl group to be attached to a lipoyl domain that displays appropriately positioned specificity residues. As substrates, the human dihydrolipoyl acetyltransferase provides an N-terminal (L1) and an inner (L2) lipoyl domain. We evaluated the specificity requirements for the E1 reaction with 27 mutant L2 (including four substitutions for the lipoylated lysine, Lys179), with three analogs substituted for the lipoyl group on Lys173, and with selected L1 mutants. Besides Lys173 mutants, only E170Q mutation prevented lipoylation. Based on analysis of the structural stability of mutants by differential scanning calorimetry, alanine substitutions of residues with aromatic side chains in terminal regions outside the folded portion of the L2 domain significantly decreased the stability of mutant L2, suggesting specific interactions of these terminal regions with the folded domain. E1 reaction rates were markedly reduced by the following substitutions in the L2 domain (equivalent site-L1): L140A, S141A (S14A-L1), T143A, E162A, D172N, and E179A (E52A-L1). These mutants gave diverse changes in kinetic parameters. These residues are spread over >24 Å on one side of the L2 structure, supporting extensive contact between E1 and L2 domain. Alignment of over 40 lipoyl domain sequences supports Ser141, Thr149, and Glu179 serving as specificity residues for use by E1 from eukaryotic sources. Extensive interactions of the lipoyl-lysine prosthetic group within the active site are supported by the limited inhibition of E1 acetylation of native L2 by L2 domains altered either by mutation of Lys173 or enzymatic addition of lipoate analogs to Lys178. Thus, efficient use by mammalian E1 of cognate lipoyl domains derives from unique surface residues with critical interactions contributed by the universal lipoyl-lysine prosthetic group, key specificity residues, and some conserved residues, particularly AsP172 adjacent to Lys178.
Author(s): Yeaman SJ; Quinn J; Gong X; Peng T; Yakhnin A; Zolkiewski M; Roche TE
Publication type: Article
Publication status: Published
Journal: Journal of Biological Chemistry
Year: 2000
Volume: 275
Issue: 18
Pages: 13645-13653
ISSN (print): 0021-9258
ISSN (electronic): 1083-351X
Publisher: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.275.18.13645
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.18.13645
PubMed id: 10788482
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