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Mechanisms of Field Cancerization in the Human Stomach: The Expansion and Spread of Mutated Gastric Stem Cells

Lookup NU author(s): Dr Laura Greaves, Professor Robert Taylor, Emeritus Professor Doug Turnbull

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Abstract

Background & Aims: How mutations are established and spread through the human stomach is unclear because the clonal structure of gastric mucosal units is unknown. Here we investigate, using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations as a marker of clonal expansion, the clonality of the gastric unit and show how mutations expand in normal mucosa and gastric mucosa showing intestinal metaplasia. This has important implications in gastric carcinogenesis. Methods: Mutated units were identified by a histochemical method to detect activity of cytochrome c oxidase. Negative units were laser-capture microdissected, and mutations were identified by polymerase chain reaction sequencing. Differentiated epithelial cells were identified by immunohistochemistry for lineage markers. Results: We show that mtDNA mutations establish themselves in stem cells within normal human gastric body units, and are passed on to all their differentiated progeny, thereby providing evidence for clonal conversion to a new stem cell-derived unit-monoclonal conversion, encompassing all gastric epithelial lineages. The presence of partially mutated units indicates that more than one stem cell is present in each unit. Mutated units can divide by fission to form patches, with each unit sharing an indentical, mutant mtDNA genotype. Furthermore, we show that intestinal metaplastic crypts are clonal, possess multiple stem cells, and that fission is a mechanism by which intestinal metaplasia spreads. Conclusions: These data show that human gastric body units are clonal, contain multiple multipotential stem cells, and provide definitive evidence for how mutations spread within the human stomach, and show how field cancerization develops. © 2008 AGA Institute.


Publication metadata

Author(s): McDonald SAC, Greaves LC, Gutierrez-Gonzalez L, Rodriguez-Justo M, Deheragoda M, Leedham SJ, Taylor RW, Lee CY, Preston SL, Lovell M, Hunt T, Elia G, Oukrif D, Harrison R, Novelli MR, Mitchell I, Stoker DL, Turnbull DM, Jankowski JAZ, Wright NA

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Gastroenterology

Year: 2008

Volume: 134

Issue: 2

Pages: 500-510

ISSN (print): 0016-5085

ISSN (electronic): 1528-0012

Publisher: W.B. Saunders Co.

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2007.11.035

DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2007.11.035

PubMed id: 18242216


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Funding

Funder referenceFunder name
Wellcome Trust
4584Cancer Research UK
G84/6549Medical Research Council

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