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Differential deposition of amyloid β peptides in cerebral amyloid angiopathy associated with Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia

Lookup NU author(s): Professor Raj KalariaORCiD, Janet Slade

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Abstract

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) caused by deposition of amyloid beta (A beta) peptides in the cerebrovasculature, involves degeneration of normal vascular components and increases the risk of infarction and cerebral hemorrhage. Accumulating evidence suggests that sporadic CAA is also a significant contributor to cognitive decline and dementia in the elderly. However, the mechanisms by which CAA arises are poorly understood. While neuronal sources of A beta peptides are sufficient to cause CAA in transgenic mice overexpressing the amyloid precursor protein, there is reason to believe that in aging man, vascular disease modulates the disease process. To better understand CAA mechanisms in dementia, we assessed the frontal cortex of 62 consecutive cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and mixed dementia (MD) using immunohistochemistry with antibodies to A beta, smooth muscle actin and the carboxyl-terminal peptides to detect A beta(40) and A beta(42). While vascular A beta deposition was invariably associated with smooth muscle degeneration as indicated by absence of smooth muscle cell actin reactivity, VaD/MD cases exhibited markedly more vascular A beta(42) deposits and smooth muscle actin loss compared to AD cases with similar degrees of CAA and A beta(40) deposition. This suggests that distinct mechanisms are responsible for the differential deposition of A beta in CAA associated with AD and that associated with ischemic/cerebrovascular disease. It is plausible that experimental studies on the effects of cerebrovascular disease on A beta production and elimination will yield important clues on the pathogenesis of CAA.


Publication metadata

Author(s): Haglund M, Kalaria R, Slade JY, Englund E

Publication type: Article

Publication status: Published

Journal: Acta Neuropathologica

Year: 2006

Volume: 111

Issue: 5

Pages: 430-435

ISSN (print): 0001-6322

ISSN (electronic): 1432-0533

Publisher: Springer

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00401-006-0054-z

DOI: 10.1007/s00401-006-0054-z


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Funding

Funder referenceFunder name
G0400074Medical Research Council
G0502157Medical Research Council
G0500247Medical Research Council

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